सौर मंडल में पृथ्वी The Earth in the Solar System

 अभ्यास 

सामाजिक विज्ञान भूगाल भाग 2 कक्षा 6

उत्तर 1 ग्रहः- कुछ खगोलिय पिंडों में अपना प्रकाश एवं ऊष्मा नहीं होती ये तारों के प्रकाश से प्रकाशित होते हैं । ऐसे पिंडों को ग्रह कहते हैं । जैसे पृथ्वी। 

तारेः- ऐसे खगोलिय पिंड जिनके पास अपनी उष्मा तथा प्रकाश होता है । ये गैसों के बने होते हैं । ऐसे पिंडों को तारा कहते हैं ।

उत्तर 2 सूर्य, आठ ग्रह, उपग्रह तथा कुछ अन्य खगोलीय पिंड, जैसे क्षुद्र ग्रह एवं उल्कापिंड मिलकार सौरमंडल का का निर्माण करते हैं । उसे हम सौर परिवार का नाम देते हैं, जिसका मुखिया सूर्य है। 

उत्तर 3 हमारे सौरमंडल में आठ ग्रह हैं । सूर्य से दूरी के अनुसार वे हैं बुध,शुक्र पृथ्वी, मंगल, बृहस्पति,शनि, यूरेनस तथा नेप्चुन ।

उत्तर 4 पृथ्वी को निम्नलिखित कारणों से अद्भुत ग्रह माना जाता है -

1. पृथ्वी न तो अधिक गर्म है और न ही अधिक ठंडी 

2.यहाँ पानी एवं वायु उपस्थित हैं जो हमारे जीवन के लिए आवश्यक हैं । 

3. वायु में आक्सीजन है जो हमारे जीवन के लिए आवश्यक हैं ।

इन्हीं कारणों से , पृथ्वी सौरमंडल का सबसे अद्भुत ग्रह है। 

उत्तर 5 चंद्रमा पृथ्वी का एक चक्कर लगभग 27 दिन में पूरा करता है। लभग इतने ही समय में यह अपने अक्ष पर एक चक्कर भी पूरा करता है । इसके परिणामस्वरूप हम चंद्रमा का केवल एक ही भाग देख पाते हैं। 

उत्तर 6 हमारा सौरमंडल आकाश गंगा का एक हिस्सा है । और आकाशगंगा करोड़ों तारों, बादलों और गैसों की एक प्रणाली है। । इस प्रकार लाखों आकाशगंगाएं मिलकर ब्रम्हाड की रचना करते है। 

सही उत्तर पर चिन्हित कीजिए

शुक्र, पृथ्वी, दीर्घ वृत्ताकार 

उत्तर दिशा

मंगल एंव बृहस्पति की रचना करते हैं।  

खाली स्थान भरें 

(i) तारों     नक्षत्रमंडल

(ii) आकाश गंगा

(iii) चंद्रमा 

(iv) पृथ्वी 

(v) ऊष्मा  प्रकाश

English Translation for English Medium Students:- 

Social Science Geography Part 2 Class 6

Answer 1 Planets:- Some celestial bodies do not have their own light and heat, they are illuminated by the light of stars. Such bodies are called planets. like earth.

Stars:- Such celestial bodies which have their own heat and light. They are made of gases. Such bodies are called stars.

Answer 2 The Sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies, such as asteroids and meteorites together form the solar system. We give it the name of the solar family, whose head is Surya.

Answer 3 There are eight planets in our solar system. According to their distance from the Sun, they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Answer 4 Earth is considered a wonderful planet for the following reasons -

1. Earth is neither too hot nor too cold

2. Water and air are present here which are essential for our life.

3. There is oxygen in the air which is essential for our life.

For these reasons, Earth is the most amazing planet in the Solar System.

Answer: The moon completes one revolution of the earth in about 27 days. In about the same time it also completes one revolution on its axis. As a result, we are able to see only one side of the Moon.

Answer 6 Our solar system is a part of the galaxy. And the galaxy is a system of millions of stars, clouds and gases. , In this way, millions of galaxies together make up the universe.

2 Tick the correct Answer: 

venus, earth, elliptical

North direction

Makes up Mars and Jupiter.

fill in the blank

(i) Stars , Constellation

(ii) Galaxy

(iii) Moon

(iv) Earth

(v) Heat,  light

The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

 A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The habitat of plants and animals that live on land is called terrestrial habitat.

2. Plants and animals living in water are called acquatic organisms.

3. Soil, air and water are the abiotic components of a habitat.

4. Trees are normally cone-shaped on the mountains.

5. A cactus plant occurs in a desert habitat

6. Plants and animals form the biotic components of habitat.

7. Plants with fleshy stems are called succulent plants.

8. Trees growing on mountains have shapes to allow snow to slide-off easily. 

B. Multiple choice questions-

1. Organisms that live on land are 

ans. terrestrial

2. Long eyelashes to prevent sand from reaching the eyes are found in 

ans. camel

3. Which of the following plants grows in dry areas?

ans. cactus

4. Which of the following is not a terrestrial habitat?

ans. fresh water

5. Hibernation is an adaptation for 

ans. escaping cold weater

6. Camel excretes 

ans. Solid pallets

7. Leaves are modified into spines in

ans. cactus

C. Very Short answer questions (One Word)

1. Name one desert animal

ans. camel

2. Name arboreal animal 

ans. Monkey 

3. Name given to plants with fleshy stems 

ans. succulent

4. Type of feet found in frogs 

ans. webbed feet.

5. Dolphins breathe through gills. 

ans. False

6. One word for, "hiding by merging with the surroundings"

ans. camouflage

7. Winter sleep of some animals.

ans. Hibernation 

8. Shape of a fish 

 

D. Short Answer Questions

1. Define:-

a. Ecology :-

The study of relationship between living things and their environment.

b. Environment:-

Everything that surrounds living organisms and affects their growth and development. 

2. How does grass survive in windy condition?

ans. Grass can survive in windy condition because of the following conditions

(i) It has strong roots

(ii) Its leaves small to reduce loss of water.

(iii) It has flexible stalks so that they bend and do not break in strong winds.

3. How does hibernation help?

ans. Hibernation helps the animals to save energy and survive the winter without eating much. They utilize the fat stored in their body?

4. Why are green plant called producers?

ans. Green plant called producers because they make their own food by photosynthesis. 

5. What will happen if the organisms do not adopt to their environment ?

ans. Organisms cannot survive if they do not adopt to their environment. 

6. Write two adaptation of trees in tropical rain-forests.

ans. Two adaptation are 

(i) Leaves on trees have grooves and drip tips that allow water to drip easily.

(ii) Vegetation at levels has large leaves to absorb as much sunlight as possible. 

E.  Long answers 

1. Describe the two components of environment. How do they interact with each others?

ans. Our environment has got two components

1. Living or biotic components

2. Non-living abiotic components

Biotic Components:- 

They include all the living organisms. These make the biotic or biological environment. The living organisms are divided into-producers, consumers and de-composers, depending upon the type of food they eat. Biotic components are sub-divided into two parts i.e. Producers:- Greens plants include in the category as they produce their own food by photosynthesis.

Consumers :- All animals include in the category as they cannot make their own food and depend on plants directly or indirectly for their food

Abiotic Components 

Abiotic Components include non-living components like air, water, soil, temperature and sunlight. 

There is constant interaction between the biotic and abiotic components. For example plants need sunlight and water to prepare food. Animals also cannot live without air, water etc. 

 

 

To continued ......

Previous chapter- Body Movements class VI.

Body Movements

1.  Fill in the blanks

1. The framework of bones in our body is called the skeleton.

2. The backbone is made up of many small bones called vertebrae.

3. The backbone protects the spinal cord.

4.  Bones are vertebrate in birds.

5. Joints of the bones help in movement the of the body.

6. A hard rounded structure i snail is called the invertebrate.

7. A snake moves smoothly over a surface by making twisting motion. 

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Knee joint is an example of 

ans. Hinge joint

2. Which of the following is not a movable joint?

ans. joints in the skull

3. The joint which allows movement in all directions is 

ans. ball and socket joint

4. The bones at the joints are help together by 

ans. ligaments

5. Which of these acts as a shock absorber at the joints?

ans. cartilage

6. The number of ribs in the human body is

ans.  12 pairs

C. Very short answer (one word)

1. Number of vertebrae in the spine 

ans. 33

2. Point at which two or more bones meet 

ans. Joints

3. Largest bone in the human body 

ans. femur

4.Total number of bones in human body

ans.206

5.Hallow bones are found in which animals?

ans.Ostriches and emu birds

6.The only movable bone in the skull

ans. Jaw

D. Short answer questions.

1. Why do animals move from one place to another?

ans. Animals move from one place to another in search of food, shelter and suitable environment that protect them. 

2. List any three functions of skeleton.

ans. Three functions of the skeleton are

(i) It gives shape to the body.

(ii) It it protects softer parts of our bodies

(iii) It provides numerous points in our body for the attachment of muscles. 

3. What are joints name the four kind of joints.

Ans. Joints are the places where two or more bones meet.Four kinds of joints are

(i) Ball and socket joint

(ii)Pivotal joint

(iii) hinge joint

(iv) Gliding joint

4. What is cartilage? How is it useful?

ans. Cartilage is the soft tissue present present at the end of the bones.  Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between the bones.

5. What are the functions of spine or backbone?

ans. There are following functions of Backbone.

(i) Backbone provide main support to the body

(ii) Backbone supports the head at the top.

(iii) It attaches shoulder,rib and hip bones.

(iv) Backbones protect the spinal cord.

6. List two adaptation in birds that help them to fly.

ans. Streamlined body or boat-shaped body and hollow bones 

D. Long answer questions

a Ligament and tendon.

Ligament:- It is the strong, stretchy structures that hold the bones together at the joints

Tendon:- It is the strong band that join muscles to bones.

b. Ball Socket Joints and Hinge joint

Ball Socket:-It allows movement in all directions e.g. shoulder joint, hip joint etc. It is freely movable joint. 

Hinge Joint:-  Movement takes place about a single axis in one plane only and resembles the to and fro swing like the hinges of a door, eg. knee joint, elbow joint etc. 

2. How do the following move?

ans. a. earthworm b. snake c. fish

Earthworm:- When the earthworm moves, the circular muscles contract first, and the body becomes thinner and longer and the front part is fixed to the surface with the setae. When te longitudinal muscles contract, the body becomes shorter and teh hind part is pulled up. 

Snake: Snake's body curves into many loops . Each loop gives it a forward push by pressing against the ground. Thus, the snake moves forward very fast and not in the straight line. 

Fish:- The skeleton of the fish is covered with strong muscles. During swimming, muscles make the front part of the body curve to one side and the tail part swings towards the opposite side. This makes a jerk and pushes the fish forward. A series of such jerks help the fish swim ahead. 

Next Chapter: 

The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Class VI.

Getting to Know Plants

 Fill in The Blanks

1. Short Plants is a herb.

2. The cap-like structure that protects te tip of the root is called root cap

3. The plant part that bears flowers, fruits and leaves is called shoot-system.

4. The main vein of the lea is called midrib.

5. The stalk of flower is called pedicel.

6. The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation.

7. A flower with male as well as female reproductive organs is called hermaphrodite. 

8. Loss of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour is called transpiration.

 

B. Multiple choice questions

1. The plant with thick, brown, woody stem is 

ans. tree

2. Which of the following has a tap root?

ans. turnip

3. The point on the stem where new leves arise is called a 

ans. node

4. The leaves are green due to the presence of 

ans. chlorophyll

5. The male reproductive organs of a flower is 

ans. stamen

6. A flower without a stalk is called 

ans. sessile flower 

C. Very short Answer 

1. Name the main root of tap root system primary root.

2. The space between two nodes internode

3. Name one shrub rose

4. Weak-stemmed plants that need support to climb climbers

5. Name one plant that has leaves with parallel venation maize.

6. Name one plant that has leaves with reticulate venation mango

 

D. Short answer questions 

 1. In which part of the plant will you find the following

ans. a. node:-stem 

        b. lamina-leaf

        c. ovary- pistil

        d. petiole- leaf

        e. filament-stamens

2. Give one example of each of the following

ans. 

a. Fibrous rots- maize

b. climber-money plant

c. creeper-pumpkin

d. complete-flower-glmohar 

 

3. Differentiate between

a tap root system and fibrous root system

ans. Tap root system:- When a plant has one big root with many branches at its sides, it is known as tap root system, e.g. bean, gram, mango, radish, carrot etc. 

Fibrous root system:- When a bunch of slender fiber like roots arise from the base of the stem, it is called fibrous root system. e.g. wheat, maize, paddy, grass

b. Stamen and pistil

ans. 

Stamen:-The male reproductive part of a flower is called stamen

Pistil:- The female reproductive part of a flower is called pistil.

 

4. What is transpiration?

ans. The loss of excess of water from the plant in the form of water vapour through stomata is called transpiration. 

5. What is venation? Name two types of venation with one example of each.

ans. The arrangement of veins on the leaf is called venation. Reticulate venation in mango and parallel venation in wheat are the example. 

6. Define pollination.

ans. The transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a flower is called pollination.

E.  Long answer questions.

 1. List the important functions of root and stem. 

Ans. Roots do the following functions

(a) Fixation:- Roots help in fixing the plant firmly to the soil.

(b) Absorption: Roots absorb water and mineral salts from the soil which are necessary for the growth of the plant.

(c) Conduction: Roots also conduct water and mineral salkts up to the leaves through the stem where the food is actually made.

(d) Storage: Roots of some plants like beetroot, carrot radish, turnip ans sweet potato store extra food in them. We eat them as vegetables. 

(e) Support: Some roots provide extra support to the plant. These roots are of two types stilt and prop roots 

(f) Climbing: In some plants like betel, money plant, etc roots arise from the nodes and help the plant to stick and climb up the wall. They are called climbing roots. 

2. Describe the structure of of a flower with the help of a well-labelled diagram.

ans. Flower has slender stalk called the pedicel by which it is attached to the stem. A flower without a pedicel is said to be sessile. The pedicel is slightly enlarged at its tip ot form a cushion-like part called the thalamus or receptacle. 

From the thalamus arise the various parts of the flower in  four sets of whorls one within the other. 

There are floral parts as under:

Sepal: The outer most part of a flower.

Petals: Showy parts of a flower. They protect stamens and ovary.

Stamens: It is the male part of flower.

Pistil: It it the female part of a flower. 

When all the parts present in a flower, they are called complete flowers and in some flowers, one or more part is missing they are called incomplete flowers. 

3. What is the use of stomata in plants? Where are they located?

ans.  The leaf surface is covered with minute pores. They are called stomata Exchange of gases takes places through stomata. During this process oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out. This process is called respiration. 

They are located in leaves of plants.

4. Discuss the functions of a leaf in detail.

ans. Photosynthesis: The leaves of the plant prepare food for the plant. Process by which leaves of plants make food in the presence of sunlight is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is unique to green plants. It supplies food to the plants and oxygen to other forms of life. 

Respiration: Exchange of gases takes place through the stomata of the leaf. During this process oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out. It is called respiration.

Transpiration: The excess of water in the plant is sent out in the form of water in the plant is sent out in the form of water vapour through the stomata. 

Vegetative Propagation: in bryophyllum and begonia plants, leaf-buds develop on te margin of the leaf. The buds fall on the ground and develop into new plants. 

Storage: Some leaves do the function of storage of food. Leaves of cabbage became thick and fleshy when they store food and water. We eat leaves of some plants as vegetables due to their food value,

Have look at the following chapters too.

Body Movement Class VI Science 

Fibre to Fabric Class VI Science 

Changes Around us Class VI Science

 Separation of Substances Class VI Science

Sorting Materials into groups class VI Science

Lights, Shadows and Reflections Science Class VI

 Components of Food Class VI Science

 

Changes around us

 Fill in the blanks.

1. Melting of ice-cream is reversible change.

2. Ripening of fruits is a chemical change.

3. Breaking of glass is a physical change.

4. Expansion on heating is maximum in gas and minimum in solid.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is a reversible change?

ans. Melting of an ice-cream.

2. In which of the following, property of expansion and contraction of metals is utilized?

ans. All of the above

3. Baking of cake is an example of 

ans. Both chemical change and irreversible change

4. Expansion gaps are kept in railway tracks because of 

ans. Expansion of rails in hot weather.

5. Most of chemical changes are 

ans. Irreversible 

C. Very short answer questions (one word)

1. A change in which no new substances are formed 

ans. physical changes

2. Name one reversible change

ans. Melting ice.

3. Squeezing of rubber ball is a chemical change. 

ans.False

4.  Growth of child is a fast change. 

ans. False

5. Rusting of iron is fast or slow change.

ans. Slow

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define

a. Reversible Change:

Changes  that can be reversed when the cause of the change is removed. For example melting of ice. 

b. Irreversible Change:

the changes that cannot be reversed. For example spoiling of food

c. Physical Change:

The change in which no new substances are formed. For tearing of paper.

d. Chemical Change:

The changes in which new substances with different properties are formed. For example burning of candle.

2. What happened when ice is heated? Is it a reversible or irreversible change?

Ans. When the ice is heated it changes into water. Is it a reversible change as it can be reversed when the cause of the change is removed. 

3. Burning of a paper is reversible or irreversible change? Why?

ans. Burning of a paper is irreversible as we cannot get back the paper. 

4. What is the effect of heating and cooling on substances?

ans. Heating leads to expansion while cooling leads to contraction of substances.

5. Do you agree" all physical changes are reversible"? If not, give the correct statement.

ans. No, there are some physical changes that are irreversible. For example tearing of paper. When the paper is torn, the size and shape of the paper changes, but the molecules of the paper remains same.

6. Breaking of a glass tumblers and burning of paper are changes in which we do not get the original substance back. What is the difference between theses two changes?

ans. No new substance is formed  after breaking of a glass tumblers. It has properties of glass but it is broken into pieces

Burning of a paper is a chemical change. Paper turns into ashes after it burns and there has no properties of paper. 

E. Long answer questions

1. Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.

ans. Changes are reversible as well as irreversible. A balloon becomes larger when we inflate it with air. It comes to its original shape when the air is let out. In this changes we can see that the change gets reversed when the cause of the change is removed.

There are also changes where the substances cannot be brought back to their original state. An inflated balloon if pricked, it bursts. This bursted balloon cannot be brought back to its original shape. Likewise, chapatis cannot be brought back to the original dough and dough into flour.  

2. Differentiate between a physical and a chemical change.

ans. Physical Change:- Changes in which no new substances are formed are called physical changes, e.g. breaking of a glass, freezing of water, melting of ice cream, 

Chemical Change:- Changes in which new substances with different properties are formed, are called chemical changes, e.g. cooking of food, burning of a substance, 

3. When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes occur. Explain this.

ans. On heating candle wax melts and form liquid wax. It is physical change since it again turns into solid wax on cooling. When candle is burnt in air, the mass of the product is increased due to atmospheric oxygen. It is chemical change. 

4.  Write three different applications of expansion and contraction of solid.

ans. 1. Iron tools is fixed to wooden handle:-

The iron blade has a ring in which the wooden handle is to be fixed. Normally, the wooden ring is made bit smaller than than the wooden handle. To fix handle ring is heated. Heating expands the iron ad the ring becomes slightly larger in size. The handle is inserted into the ring which easily fits in the ring tightly after contraction.

 2. Fixing Metal rim over the cart-wheel:-

Metal rim is heated until it is red-hot and forced on to the wooden wheel. Rims are made slightly smaller and when they are heated, they expand and fit onto the wheel. There after, cold water is poured over the rim to cool it. On cooling rim contracts and fits onto the wheel.

3. Joints in railway tracts:-

While laying railway tracks gaps are left between rails to allow expansion  during summer. If no gaps are left, the rails will bend in summer due to expansion.

5. Write two application of expansion and contraction of gases.

ans. If you keep an inflated balloon in the sun, you will see the size of the balloon increase this shows the expansion of the gas in the balloon because of heat of the sun. 

and if an inflated balloon is tied at the mouth of a bottle and the bottle is left in cold water, you will see the size of the balloon would shrink because of the air inside the balloon contracts on cooling. This is contraction of gas. 

Like wise, automobile tyres get frequently punctured or burst during summer because of expansion of air in the tube. That's why it is advised to fill less air in tyre during summer or let some air out of the tyre.

Click the links given below to get notes of the previous chapters.

 Components of Food 

Light,Shadows and Reflections 

Separation of Substances

Body Movement 

 

The Canterville Ghost

A. 

1. Lord Canterville, the former owner of Canterville Chase, and Mrs Umney the housekeeper, believe that the ghost exists.

2. Mr. Otis and his family-Mrs Otis, his son Washington, daughter Virginia and the twins do not believe in the ghost.

3.  It does not seem as though Mrs Umney really fainted. She might have very frightened and her mind might have gone blank. But she recovered too quickly for it to have been an actual fainting spell.

4. The twins decide to camp out in the library at night and wait for ghost. Clark would sleep by the door and Lewis would sleep on the desk so that he could jump on the ghost and trap him.

5. Mr Otis offers oil for the ghost's chains.

6. Ghost feels insulted because no one is frightened by his appearance. Mr. Otis offers him oil for his chains and the twins throw a pillow at him. This had never happened to him before. This angers the ghost and he swears revenge.  

B. 1. a. Mr. Otis offers the oil because he cannot sleep. The creaking of the chains disturbs him.

b. The oil would make the rings of the chain move smoothly and so Mr. Otis would not be disturbed by its clanking sound.

c. The chains were creaking because they were rusty and old. At the same time, the ghost made sure that they clanked more, so as to frighten the Otis family and announce his arrival. 

2. a The ghost was angry because he felt insulted. Mr. Otis offered him oil and the twins threw a pillow at him. People had always been frightened of him. It was an exceptional situation with the Otis family because they did not believe in ghosts.  

b. The ghost thinks that the Otis family is ignorant and unaware of the furore that he can create. He has always created chaos with his fearful appearances. The Otis family has seen none of that. 

c. The ghost was treated with fear and reverence by the Canterville family. No one in the Canterville mansion had ever dared mock his appearance or presence. 

C. 1. The Duchess of Bolton, Lord Canterville's grand-aunt, is terrified at the canterville Ghost's appearance. She is seen being lead to a chair by the butler and the housekeeper. They give her a drink of water. The duchess  narrates that she has felt the icy touch of bony hands on herself. At first she dismissed it as cold draught. But then she noticed a pair of skeleton hands.

2. The Otis family is not frightened by the bloodstains. Mrs. Otis wants it removed because it looks ugly. Washington takes out a small stick and rubs it over the stain. On the other hand, Mrs. Umney regards the blood satin with fear and speaks about it in a hushed tone. She tells the Otis family that it is the blood of Lady Eleanore de Canterville, who was murdered by her husband, Sir Simon de Canterville. Sir Canterille disappeared for nine years and his body was never found. 

3. The atmosphere is calm before the ghost arrives. The arrival of the ghost is heard along with the clanking sound of metals. The ghost casts a green light about him and fills the air with groans after he leaves. But after Mr Otis goes back to his room, the ghost is very angry. He plans to take revenge at the end. Till now, the ghost was only trying to make his presence felt and was trying to scare the newcomers but now, in his rage he plans to truly terrify them and disrupt their lives.

D. d. to contrast and make fun of British and American cultures.

E. 1. Showing interest in new traditions and customs.

2. Pointing out that they do not pronounce words in the same way you do, and laughting.

3. Showing little interest in understanding their country or customs.

4. Being respectful even if you do not fully understand what they are telling you.

Being friendly and introducing them to your own country and culture. 

GRAMMAR

A. 2-P 

3-P

4-C

5-C

6-C

B. 2 AVP

3. PP

4. AP

5. AVP

6. PP

C. 1. My aunt and uncle have a beautiful garden. noun phrase

2. I could not go out with my friends because I was with my mother. adverb phrase

3. The lady in the green sari is my aunt. adjective phrase

4. She sings like a bird. adverb phrase

5. I found my shoes under the bed. prepositional phrase

Please click the title of the previous chapters to get the notes written below in blue:

 Walk to Remember Lession-1 

Little Girls are Wiser Lession 2 

 

Sorting Materials into groups

 Exercises.

More chapters here...

Getting to Know Plants 

Components of Food 

Light, Shadows and Reflections 

Separation of Substances 

Fibre to Fabric

Body Movements 

 

 

Given below is the notes of Chapters "Sorting Materials".

Fill in blanks.

1. Grouping of substances on the basis of their properties is called classification.

2. Metals like gold and copper have lustre.

3. Metal Sheet is an opaque object while glass is a transparent object.

4. Insoluble substances does not dissolve in water.

5. Liquids that dissolve in water are said to be miscible 

6. Transparent materials allow the light to pass through them.

B. Multiple Choice questions.

1. Which of this flats on water?

ans. rubber ball

2. A material through which light cannot pass at all is 

ans. Opaque

3. Butter paper is 

ans. translucent

4. Which of the following is insoluble in water?

ans. oil

5. Which property does a jeweller consider hile choosing metal for jewellery?

ans. lustre.

C. Very short answer questions (one word)

1. Name one translucent material.

ans. oiled paper.

2. cotton is soft material. 

ans. True

3. Name one solid soluble in water. 

ans. Salt

4. Name one liquid soluble in water 

 ans. methanol

 5. Name one gas soluble in water.

ans. oxygen.

6. Name one rough material

ans. plywood

7.Name one non-lustrous object

ans. wood

8. Property of an object to float or sink.

ans. Balanced weight force.

D. Short answer questions.

a. Make a list of four materials. Name one thing that is made from each of these.  

ans. List of four materials.

Wood- Chair

Plastic- bucket

Metal- Pen

Stainless Steel- Knife.

2. How are soft materials different from hard materials? Give two examples of each.

ans. Soft materials which can be compressed or scratched easily while hard materials cannot be compressed easily. cotton, silk are true example of soft materials while iron, glass are example of hard materials.

3. What are miscible and immiscible liquids? Give two examples of each.

ans. Miscible: Liquids that are soluble in water are said to be miscible in water. Glycerine and ethanol are the examples of miscible liquids

Immiscible: Liquids that are not soluble in water are said to be immiscible in water. For example oil and water.

3. What is importance of classification of materials?

ans. Classification of materials are important for the following reasons:

(i) Classification of materials makes it convenient to study their properties. 

(ii) It makes it convenient to locate objects.

5. Define: 

(a) Properties of a substance: 

ans. Special features of substance or material that distinguish it from other substances. The features include appearance,  lustre, hardness, rough or smooth, soluble or insoluble, transparency, gases in water etc. 

(b) Classification:

ans. grouping of substances or materials on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities between different materials. 

(c) Lustre

It is the shine of materials. Usually metals like gold, silver, copper and aluminium are lustrous. 

(d) Floatation

Properties of a substance to float or sink in water. It is called floatation.

E. Long answer questions. 

1. Difference between transparent, translucent and opaque materials

ans. Transparent Materials:

Substances through which light can pass or through which things can be seen are called transparent materials. For example glass

Translucent Materials:

Substances through which light can pass but only partially and things are not seen clearly through them. They are called translucent materials. Oiled paper and frosted glass. 

Opaque Materials:

Substances through which light cannot pass or through which things cannot be seen.  For example metal sheet card board.

2. What happened when common salt, sugar, cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water? Write it in the form of an activity with proper observations and conclusion. 

ans. Salt, sugar, cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water

If the substances like salt, sugar water and cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water the following things can be seen

Salt, sugar:- They get dissolved in water. Thus we conclude that they are soluble 

Cooking oil and Kerosene: They don't get dissolved in water. Even if we stir them hard in water, they break up with small droplets. This means they are immiscible in water.

 The Next Chapter.

The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 

 

 

Fibre to Fabric

 Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Fibres are classified as natural and synthetic.

2. Fibres obtained from animals are called animal fibres.

3. Nylon and polyester are  synthetic fibres

4. To make fabrics, fibres are first converted to yarn.

5. The process of drawing yarn from fibres is called spinning. 

6. In knitting , single yarn used to make a fabric.

 B. Multiple choice questions

1. Jute is a/an

ans. plant fibre 

2. Yarns are made of 

ans. Fibres

3. Cotton grows best in 

ans. black soil 

4. Which of these is not a fibre

ans. leather

5. Weaving is done on special machines called

ans. looms

C. Very short answer questions. (ONE WORD)

1. Name of plant fibre. Jute

2. Name of one animal fibre. Wool

3. Name one synthetic fibre. Nylon 

4. Process of rotting stems of jute plants. Retting 

5. Plant from which linen is obtained. Flax plant

6. Stronger fibre are natural or synthetic. Synthetic

7. From which part of the plant cotton is obtained. Fruit Part   

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define

(a) Ginning:-

The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning.  After ginning, bales of cotton are made.

(b)Retting:-

The process of separating jute fibres by rotting the stem of jute plants is called retting. In the process, the stem are tied into bundles and immersed in water for a few days. The stems begin to rot.

(c)Spinning:-

The process of making yarn(thread) from the fibres by twisting is called spinning.  It is one of the most ancient art. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted.

(d) Weaving

The process of making cloth by crossing two sets of threads over and under each other. This is known as weaving. Weavers may use threads (yarn) spun from natural fibres but artificial fibres are also popular. There are three basic kinds of weave -plain weave, the twill weave and the satin weave. It is done on a machine called looms.  

 

2. Define fibres. Name different types of natural fibres used to make cloth.

ans. Fibre is a hair-like strand of a substance that is spun into yarn. Cotton, flax,jute silk and wool are natural fibres mostly used in clothing.

3. Differentiate between fibre and yarn. 

ans.Fibre is a hair-like strand of a substance that is spun into yarn. 

Yarn is a combination of several fibres twisted together to knit or weave a fibric.

 

4. What are synthetic fibres? Give two examples.

ans. Synthetic fibres  are made by man from chemicals. Nylon, rayon are the two example of fibres.

5. Write properties of silk fibres.

ans. Silk is one of the most strongest fibres. It loses up its strength by 20% when it is wet. It has a smooth, soft texture which is slippery unlike many synthetic fibres.

6. How do woollen clothes keep us warm in winter.

and. The woollen clothes  does not allow the heat to escape, and prevent air to pass in. That's how woollen clothes keep us warm in winter.

 

E. Long answer questions.

1. Explain how cotton fibres are obtained form cotton plant.

ans.  After harvesting by handpicking , cotton are removed from seed. The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning.  After ginning, bales of cotton are made. Next process is called spinning. The process of making yarn(thread) from the fibres by twisting is called spinning.

 2. Write short notes on the uses of jute and flax.

ans. Jute: It is one of the cheapest natural fibre. Jute is mainly used to make clothes for wrapping bales of raw cotton and to make sacks and coarse cloth. It is also used in curtains, chair covering etc.In India it is grown in West Bengal and Assam. 

Flax:-Flax is mainly grown for seeds. It can be ground into a meal and turned into linseed oil. It is used as nutritional supplement and as an ingredients of wood finishing products. Flax fibre are grown to make linen. 

3. How are fibres classified? Explain their characteristics. 

ans. Fibres are classified into two categories.Natural and Synthetic ( Man Made)

Characteristics of Natural Fibres:

• They are soft and delicate.

• They are long and flexible 

• They can easily be made thread.

Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres

• They are stronger than natural fibres.

• They are manufactured from chemicals. 

• They are durable 

• They are dried up in less time. 

4. Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.

ans. Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres. They obtained by a process called spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. 

5. How is weaving different from knitting?

ans. Weaving is the process of making cloth by crossing two sets of threads over and under each other while knitting is a method of making fabric by looping yarn around each other using two or more knitting needles or knitting machine.

6. How is jute fibre made from jute plants?

ans. The stems of the jute plant tied into bundles and immersed in water for a few days. The stems begin to rot. This process is called retting. The fibres are then separated and washed in clear running water. Then they are hung up or spread on thatched roofs to dry.

 

Please share the links to as many students as you can.  

For the notes of the previous chapter of science, click the links given below

Sorting Materials into Groups, Science Class VI. 

Separation of Substances Science Class VI 

 

Separation of Substances

Fill in blanks

1. Mixture contains two or more substances mixed physically.

2. Salt is obtained from seawater by the process called evaporation.

3. The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called threshing.

4. The sand from muddy water is separated by sieving.

5. The insoluble solid left on the filter paper is called residue.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is a mixture?

ans. Gold.

2. A bowl of dal mixed with wheat flour can be separated by

ans. sieving

3. A mixture of coconut oil and water can be separated by

ans. separating funnel

4. The property used in separating a mixture of two solids by winnowing is

ans. Difference in weight

5. The process of settling down of particles of a solid in a liquid is

ans. sedimentation

C. Very short answer questions. (ONE WORD)

1. Most substances around us are mixtures. TRUE.

2. Method used to separate wheat grains from chaff. Winnowing

3. Name the paper used in filtration Filter Paper.

4. Name the apparatus used to separate two immiscible liquids Separating Funnel

5. Solubility of substances in water increases with temperature. TRUE

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define:

a. sedimentation b. decantation c. filtration d. sieving

ans.

a. Sedimentation:-

The process of settling down of insoluble heavy particles in a solid-liquid mixture is called sedimentation.

b. Decantation:-

The process of pouring out the clear liquid without disturbing the sediments is called decantation.

c. Filtration:-

The process of separating insoluble solid component from a liquid using a filter paper is known as filtration.

d. Sieving:-

The process of separating components of different size from the mixture is known as sieving.

2. How would you separate peanuts from beans and why?

ans. Peanuts from beans can be separated by handpicking. Peanuts are small in pieces sometimes round or elongated in shape while beans are kidney shaped in structure slightly lighter than peanuts.

3. What is the principle used in the separation of components of mixtures?

ans. There are two main principles used in the separation of components of mixtures

(i) Separating solids from other solids:- Handpicking, threshing,winnowing, sieving come under this category.

(ii) Separating insoluble solids from liquid:- sedimentation, decantation,filtration, evaporation come under this category.

4. In what condition, sieving is used to separate components of a mixture?

ans. This method is used when the mixture contains components of different sizes.

5. What is saturated solution? How is it obtained?

ans. A solution which cannot dissolve any more of a substance at a particular temperature. This called saturated solution.

E. Long answer questions.

1. List some properties of mixture.

ans. Some properties of mixture are as under

(i) The components of mixture each keep their original properties.

(ii) The separation of components can easily be done.

(iii)The proportion of components is variable

2. Why is separation of mixtures necessary?

ans. Separation of mixture is necessary to get pure substances and the pure substances have

• Definite composition by nature.

• Definite physical properties such as melting point, boiling point and density.

• Homogeneous nature, e.g. elements like gold, silver, hydrogen and oxygen; compounds like copper sulfate or blue vitriol, water and sugar.

Most of the material found in nature are mixtures. Mixtures contain more than one substance which are mixed physically. In order to se the substances that we need,we have to separate the constituents of such mixtures.

3. Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water can be separated?

(NOTE:-Make a diagram of separating funnel here)

ans. A mixture of oil and water can be separated with the help of separating funnel. Here are the procedure how you can do that.

Oil and water form two different lyres in the separating funnel as they are immisible liquids. Let it stand undisturbed for sometime. So that the separate layers of water and oil are formed. Now open the stopcock of the funnel and pour out of the lower layer of water carefully. In this way, water and oil can be separated using separating funnel. 

4. What is difference between sediment and residue?

ans. The settling down of insoluble heavy solid components in a solid-liquid mixture is called sedimentation. and the solid particles that settle down during sedimentation are called sediments.

and the in soluble solid left on the filter is called residue.

5. How is winnowing done?

ans. Winnowing is the method of separating heavier and lighter components of a mixture b wind or by blowing air. In the method the mixture of chaff and grains is allowed to fall from a height. Grain being heaver, fall vertically down while chaff gets blown away and form a heap at a small distance away from the grains.

6. Explain with the help of a diagram, how will you separate a mixture of chalk powder and water using a filter paper.

ans.

• Take some water that is mixed with chalk water.
• Take a circular piece of filter paper and fold it twice as shown in the figure.
  

  

  Filtration of chalk mixed water

• Open the filter paper in such a way that one fold is on one side and other three folds on the other side. This forms a cone.
• Take a clean funnel and fit the folded filter paper cone in the funnel
• Keep a beaker below the funnel. 
• Pour the chalk-powder mixed water slowly on the filter paper.
• Collect the filtrate in the beaker and observe.

You will find the chalk particles left behind on the filter paper and a clear filtrate in the beaker. Chalk particle form the residue.

For notes of other chapters (class VI), click on the heading of the chapters given below: Forward the links to as many students as you can..

Light, Shadows and Reflections

 

Sorting materials into groups 

Components of Food