The blog aims at giving a brief introduction of the
Government that function in India
However, the points I have discussed here are being taught in
CBSE schools across the country. The Points discussed here are given below:
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| Organs of Parliament |
Government
Need for a government
Role of government
Forms of government
The word “government is derived from the Latin word “gubernre”
meaning “to govern or to manage”
A type of government, which follows the rule of law, is called
a Nomocracy. It comes from the Greek words nomos (Law) and Kratos (power or
rule). The phrase can be traced back to the 17th century, which was
popularized by the 19th-century British jurist A.V. Dicey. Rule of
Law actually implies that every citizen is subject to the law. However, it
stands in contrast to the idea that the ruler is above the law by divine right.
Imagine there is a chaotic situation on the main road that
crosses your area, as people are not following the traffic rules and
regulations, which are implemented. Now, the question arises why rules and
regulations are important. These rules and regulations should be implemented by
someone, like the traffic Police, who is actually the authority with a certain
amount of power in that locality. Here, the traffic Police is the agent of the government to maintain law and order on the road. So, the traffic Police, on
behalf of the government, takes care of the situation.
To read about Gram Sabha. Please click the Link below:-
What is Gram Sabha
To read about Gram Sabha. Please click the Link below:-
What is Gram Sabha
GOVERNMENT
The government is a political body which administers a state/country. The functions of a government
are:
To maintain law and order in the country,
To formulate policies for the country and
To work for the welfare of its people
NEED FOR A
GOVERNMENT
Man is a social animal. He has always tried to organise himself into
groups or communities with some established rules of living. This is what we
call a society. In a society, we all
are guided by some laws. In this context, we can mention Aristotle’s view that
‘Laws should governn’. There are certain rules of law which are to be followed
in society. Now, in order to live in that society, somebody has to manage the
affairs of the society. That is why we need a government. The role of the
government is very crucial in all spheres of modern society.
In a country like India, it becomes difficult to include
every individual into the law-making process of the country.
To manage the
affairs of the society, a structured body is required which acts as a
representative voice of the individuals. This body comes to form the
government. Government acts as a mediator or a decision-making body and help to
resolve the differences in opinions created in society.
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| Parliament House |
Government- Institution which makes rules and takes political
decisions.
Society- people living in organised groups of communities.
How does
the government work?
Today, we hail India
as one of the largest and vibrant democracies of the world. Our country has
been praised for the rule of law and democratic freedom which are being enjoyed
by her citizens. India has a body of laws to deal with various subjects, rules
and regulations, executive instructions and conventions. These can be broadly
termed as law and their operations with respect to the citizen are the rule of
law. India is a classic example of a modern nation-state. She has managed to
stay within the confines of the democratic framework. All the rules and
regulations by which she functions are written down in the constitution. A
constitution provides the basis for the functioning of the government.
A constitution is
the system of laws and basic principles by which a state, a country or an
organization is governed. With the help of these laws, power and authority get
distributed in a country. Every governing institution must abide by the
provisions of the constitution.
There are several types of the constitution like written,
unwritten, rigid and flexible. The constitution has certain fundamental
principles that deal with conflicts. Constitutions of USA, Canada, France and
India are written. While the Constitution of the United Kingdom is unwritten.
All written constitutions are rigid. The consent of the centre, as well as the state, is required to
make amendments to the constitution. The constitution of the USA is one such
example.
The constitution which can be changed or amended easily is
known as a flexible constitution. It can be amended by existing law-making
procedures. The constitution of the UK is one such example.
The constitution of India is partly rigid and partly
flexible.
ROLE OF THE
GOVERNMENT
The Government plays a crucial role in the lives of the
people by taking some important decisions. In a family when two children
quarrel, it is either the father or the mother who steps in to stop the
quarrel. The parents take decisions on behalf of the children. Similarly, the
government works for the welfare of the people in a country and acts as a
guardian.
The government provides leadership to the country, by taking
decisions on behalf of its citizens. The Government performs several functions,
such as protects the boundaries of the country, maintains law and order and
creates infrastructure, like roads, rails and bridges so that development can
take place. Even during natural calamities and emergencies, the government
works round the clock to ensure safety for the affected people. It tries to
maintain good relations with its neighbouring countries by cooperating with
them.
FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
Different countries adopt different methods of functioning.
They have different forms of governments which govern them depending on their
policies, development aspect, political issues, etc. the various types of
government existing in the system are:
1. DEMOCRACY
The word Democracy has been derived from two Greek words,
demos, meaning ‘people’ and Kratos, meaning ‘authority of the people’. The democratic government follows the principle, ‘Of the People, By the people and
for the people’. The government is elected by people who vote for them.
Therefore, it is a direct choice of the public. In a democracy, the citizens have
the right to participate in the process of the government. Everyone is equal
before the law. The government is accountable to the people.
2. AUTOCRACY
In an autocracy, the powers are concentrated in the
hands of a certain few. These can be a group of people, an individual, a
particular class or a political party. The authority who exercises the power
cannot be questioned. The people do not have the freedom to choose their
representatives which, in turn, becomes an oppressive form of governance.
Military rule is an example of autocracy, where the power is concentrated in
the hands of the military officer who determines the functioning of the state.
North Korea and Fiji are examples of countries under military rule.
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
3. PARLIAMENTARY
In a parliamentary system, the Executive and
Legislature work in coordination with each other, i.e., the powers of both the
organs are mixed. Another feature of a parliamentary government is that the
head of the state is different from the head of the government. In a
parliamentary setup, the head of the government is the leader of the political
party which has gained a majority in the legislature. At times, when a single
party cannot muster up the desired majority, a number of parties come together
to form a coalition government. India and Great Britain are the best examples
of a parliamentary form of government.
4. PRESIDENTIAL
In a presidential form of government, the executive
and legislature are independent of each other. This is called the separation of powers. Unlike a
parliamentary government, where the head of the government is responsible to
the parliament, the elected president is neither responsible to the parliament
nor he/she is a mother of the parliament. The United States of America is an ideal
example of a presidential form of government.
The parliamentary system exists in both republics and
monarchies. It is made up of politicians from different political parties. Here
the government is comprised of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers.
5. UNITARY
When a single central government looks after the whole
nation, it is known as a unitary form of
government. In a unitary form of government, the central government
performs the duties of both the executive and the legislature. China is an
example of such a kind of government.
6. FEDERAL
In a federal government, the powers are divided in a
tier structure, i.e., it is divided between the centre and the states. In such
a situation, the laws passed by a central government is applied throughout the
country and the laws passed by a state government is applied only to the state.
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