Wildlife in a City Pond

1. When it rains, the barren pond bursts into life. It goes from being being dry and brown to blue and green. When an orchestra starts to play, the silence n the hall gets

filled with the beautiful music of different instruments. Similarly, when it rains, the dry barren pond gets filled with water, palnts and animals. 

2. Free Response; Suggested Answer: Nature's dance-trees and reeds swaying in the wind; the flowing water is the music in the background; colourful birds flying around gracefully; fish leaping in the pond; animals playing with each other.

3. The speaker feels surprise, awe and wonder when he looks at Flapshell Pond.

4. The speaker was determined to save Flapshell Pond because it was beautiful and he loved it. Additionally, it was home to so many plants and animals; it would be a shame to destroy it. 

5. When people threatened to destroy Flapshell Pond, the residents of the neighbourhood- the speaker, the children and other neighbours - got together to save it. They organized a protest and contacted various officials, including the city commissioner. Even people from environmental organizations got involved.  Lots of people worked together as  a united group to save the pond. 

Comprehension

A. 1. When the speaker moved to a new house in Pune, he discovered that a loud noise started up when it turned dark. 

2. In the summer, the pond was dry and lifeless.

3. The rains turned the lifeless, dry brown earth of the pond into a beautiful oasis of blue and green. It filled up with water and many plants sprouted up. Many different animals and birds flocked to it.

4. When the pond filled up with water, the speaker spotted Flapshell turtles. He learnt that the turtles slept under the ground during the dry summer and waited for the rains. so he named the pond after them.

5. The speaker called the pond a 'natural restaurant' because animals like the spot-billed  ducks flew to the pond, hunted for some snails and water plants to eat, and then left to go back - almost like eating at a restaurant and going back home. 

B. a. The speaker is comparing the life in the pond to an orchestra.

b. The 'orchestra' started playing because the monsoon rains arrived and the pond burst into life.

c. The speaker did not initially appreciate the music of the 'orchestra', but he soon grew to appreciate it and consider it a symphony. 

2. a. 'He' is the city commissioner of Pune.

b. In the summer, Flapshell Pond was dry and lifeless. But come monsoon, it filled up with water. Many different types of plants started growing and many species of animals made it their home. All the animals together created a beautiful symphony of sounds during the day and night. Plant life and wildlife lived together in harmony and this was a wonderful sight to see. This was the 'monsoon magic' that the city commissioner experienced. 

c. The city commissioner realized that Flapshell Pond was a wonder of nature and that it would be wrong to destroy it. 

3. a. The speaker finds his backyard magical because that is where the Flapshell Pond is. He considers Flapshell Pond magical because it is full of the best things you can find in nature. 

b. Free response

C. 1. The speaker was scared that Flapshell Pond would be drained and used as land for construction. if the speaker's fears came true, then the Pond would be destroyed. All the plants that grew in and around it would be dug out and cleared up to make space for the building. Once the pond and the plants are destroyed, there will no longer be a home for all the different birds and animals that visited the pond or lived in it. The residents of the area would no longer be able to enjoy the beauty of the wetland. The coolness creaed by the ponds and plants would be lost too. Overall, it would be a small disaster.

2. The speaker did not save the pond alone. It took the conbined effort of a lot of people to do so. The speaker organized a protest along with the children of the neighbourhood. He invited journalists to cover the event and write about it in newspapers. The residents of the neighbourhood called up officials to ask them for help saving the pond. Many environmental organizations also got involved in the efforts. The city commissioner was invited to have a look at the Flapshell Pond and experience its magic. All this worked and the pond was saved. 

3. The speaker is a very observant person. He notices very minute details about the pond. He notices how it changes from season to season. He loves nature and wildlife and notices the different species of plants and animals in and around the pond. He even observes the behaviour of these animals in detail. He listens to the sounds and appreciates the natural symphony. He is very passionate about nature and conservation. When he hears that Flapshell Pond is to be destroyed, he does not stop until he has done everything he can to save it. He organizes protests and gets the entire neighbourhood together to save the pond. He is very dedicated person.   

 

 

 

Please click here to know the answer of the previous chapters

HERO 

Outlaws Report

छत्तीसगढ़ पाठ्य पुस्तक निगम के पुस्तकों के नोट्स के लिए नीचे लिंक पर क्लिक कीजिए

छत्तसगढ़ नोट्स 

 

 

There was a naughty boy

 Test your reading

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The naughty boy ran away to Scotland.

(b) He found that a door was as wooden as in England.

(c) He found the ground in Scotland as hard as at home. 

(d) He found that fourscore was as eighty as at home.

(e) He stood in his shoes and wondered.

2. Answer the following questions:

a. What did the naughty boy do ?

ans. The naughty boy ran away to Scotland. 

b. Where is the home of the naughty boy?

ans. The home of the naughty boy is in England.

c. Make a list of things found similar in Scotland and England by the naughty boy.

ans. He found the following things similar ground, yard, cherry,doors. 

d. What did the boy do when he found that everything was similar?

ans. The boy was surprised and became active.  

3. Find abstract nouns in each sentence and write it in the blank space.

(a) The Taj Mahal is a model of beauty.

ans. beauty

(b)He was very naughty in his childhood. 

ans. childhood.

(c) Indian soldiers are known for their bravery.

ans. bravery

(d) We believe in equality of man and woman.

ans.  equality

(e) We got freedom in 1947.

ans. freedom

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate reflexive pronoun:

a. I saw myself in the mirror.

b. She fell down and injured herself.

c. Don't curse yourself/ yourselves.

d. He blamed himself for the defeat.

e. We enjoyed ourselves on the beach.

5. Fill in the blanks using relative pronouns:

a. This is the boy who won the championship.

b.I have lost the pen which you gave me.

c. This is the place where he was born.

d. He is the man whom she was looking for.

e. This is the watch that my papa gave me. 

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

6. Add 'less' to the following words:

fear- fearless

back- backless

law-lawless

profit-profitless

self-selfless

top-topless

7. Add 'ing' to the words given below:

make- making

rise-rising

take-taking 

dine-dining

write-writing

name-naming

 

Click the links below to get the questions and answers of the previous chapters.

The Barber and the Woodcutter (English -Lesson-1) 

The mother who loved the Poor (English- Lesson-2)

 

Changes around us

 Fill in the blanks.

1. Melting of ice-cream is reversible change.

2. Ripening of fruits is a chemical change.

3. Breaking of glass is a physical change.

4. Expansion on heating is maximum in gas and minimum in solid.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is a reversible change?

ans. Melting of an ice-cream.

2. In which of the following, property of expansion and contraction of metals is utilized?

ans. All of the above

3. Baking of cake is an example of 

ans. Both chemical change and irreversible change

4. Expansion gaps are kept in railway tracks because of 

ans. Expansion of rails in hot weather.

5. Most of chemical changes are 

ans. Irreversible 

C. Very short answer questions (one word)

1. A change in which no new substances are formed 

ans. physical changes

2. Name one reversible change

ans. Melting ice.

3. Squeezing of rubber ball is a chemical change. 

ans.False

4.  Growth of child is a fast change. 

ans. False

5. Rusting of iron is fast or slow change.

ans. Slow

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define

a. Reversible Change:

Changes  that can be reversed when the cause of the change is removed. For example melting of ice. 

b. Irreversible Change:

the changes that cannot be reversed. For example spoiling of food

c. Physical Change:

The change in which no new substances are formed. For tearing of paper.

d. Chemical Change:

The changes in which new substances with different properties are formed. For example burning of candle.

2. What happened when ice is heated? Is it a reversible or irreversible change?

Ans. When the ice is heated it changes into water. Is it a reversible change as it can be reversed when the cause of the change is removed. 

3. Burning of a paper is reversible or irreversible change? Why?

ans. Burning of a paper is irreversible as we cannot get back the paper. 

4. What is the effect of heating and cooling on substances?

ans. Heating leads to expansion while cooling leads to contraction of substances.

5. Do you agree" all physical changes are reversible"? If not, give the correct statement.

ans. No, there are some physical changes that are irreversible. For example tearing of paper. When the paper is torn, the size and shape of the paper changes, but the molecules of the paper remains same.

6. Breaking of a glass tumblers and burning of paper are changes in which we do not get the original substance back. What is the difference between theses two changes?

ans. No new substance is formed  after breaking of a glass tumblers. It has properties of glass but it is broken into pieces

Burning of a paper is a chemical change. Paper turns into ashes after it burns and there has no properties of paper. 

E. Long answer questions

1. Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.

ans. Changes are reversible as well as irreversible. A balloon becomes larger when we inflate it with air. It comes to its original shape when the air is let out. In this changes we can see that the change gets reversed when the cause of the change is removed.

There are also changes where the substances cannot be brought back to their original state. An inflated balloon if pricked, it bursts. This bursted balloon cannot be brought back to its original shape. Likewise, chapatis cannot be brought back to the original dough and dough into flour.  

2. Differentiate between a physical and a chemical change.

ans. Physical Change:- Changes in which no new substances are formed are called physical changes, e.g. breaking of a glass, freezing of water, melting of ice cream, 

Chemical Change:- Changes in which new substances with different properties are formed, are called chemical changes, e.g. cooking of food, burning of a substance, 

3. When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes occur. Explain this.

ans. On heating candle wax melts and form liquid wax. It is physical change since it again turns into solid wax on cooling. When candle is burnt in air, the mass of the product is increased due to atmospheric oxygen. It is chemical change. 

4.  Write three different applications of expansion and contraction of solid.

ans. 1. Iron tools is fixed to wooden handle:-

The iron blade has a ring in which the wooden handle is to be fixed. Normally, the wooden ring is made bit smaller than than the wooden handle. To fix handle ring is heated. Heating expands the iron ad the ring becomes slightly larger in size. The handle is inserted into the ring which easily fits in the ring tightly after contraction.

 2. Fixing Metal rim over the cart-wheel:-

Metal rim is heated until it is red-hot and forced on to the wooden wheel. Rims are made slightly smaller and when they are heated, they expand and fit onto the wheel. There after, cold water is poured over the rim to cool it. On cooling rim contracts and fits onto the wheel.

3. Joints in railway tracts:-

While laying railway tracks gaps are left between rails to allow expansion  during summer. If no gaps are left, the rails will bend in summer due to expansion.

5. Write two application of expansion and contraction of gases.

ans. If you keep an inflated balloon in the sun, you will see the size of the balloon increase this shows the expansion of the gas in the balloon because of heat of the sun. 

and if an inflated balloon is tied at the mouth of a bottle and the bottle is left in cold water, you will see the size of the balloon would shrink because of the air inside the balloon contracts on cooling. This is contraction of gas. 

Like wise, automobile tyres get frequently punctured or burst during summer because of expansion of air in the tube. That's why it is advised to fill less air in tyre during summer or let some air out of the tyre.

Click the links given below to get notes of the previous chapters.

 Components of Food 

Light,Shadows and Reflections 

Separation of Substances

Body Movement 

 

An Encounter in the Woods

 Comprehension

A.  1. They peeped softly and sadly if they were left even a few inches behind, and they looked really fragile.

2. She watched every bush, every tree, the woods and even the sky.

3. In a few moments, he was sure to see or smell them. 

4. But no matter how fast he went and leaped, Mother Partridge was always faster.

5. he also remembered that this was not the first time he had been fooled just this way.

6. An enemy could not have heard his sweet little 'peep peep' three feet away, but Mother Partridge would have heard it if it was thrice as far. 

B. 1. The baby partridges were one-day-old. They could already walk quickly. They looked like little balls of fur. They toddled on tiny pink legs and peeped softly and sadly if left behind. They looked very fragile. They were also very obedient because they listened to their mother as soon as she told them to hide and they did not move from their hiding places till she asked them to come to her.

2. Mother Partridge flew toward the fox. She came down bravely, and then threw herself on the ground. She moved as if she was lame, and made a sound as if she was hurt. The fox turned and tried to catch her, but could not. She always moved so that something like a small plant or a log came between them. No matter how fast the fox ran or jumped, she always managed to move out of his reach.

3. Yes, the mother partridge was really cleverer than the fox. We know this as she managed to fool and defeat the fox by pretending to be lame and hurt. The fox thought that he would catch her easily, but he could never catch her at all. She also managed to save her babies from him. And she had saved them the same way more than once. 

4. a. The fact that the fox had not been able to catch the mother partridge even after five minutes' racing was really strange.

b. It was strange because the fox was quick and clever. He was also very powerful and strong, and much bigger than the bird. He should have been able to catch the bird very easily. But actually, he could not catch her at all. 

5. a He, the fox, realized that the partridge had made a fool of him when she flew away. 

b. The fox also realized that his was not the first time that the partridge had fooled him just this way. But he did not understand why she did this. 

c. He was fooled because Mother partridge wanted to keep him away from her babies.

6. When the mother partridge came back, she saw that all her babies were hiding. They had not moved even when they heard her step. When she called to them to come, only then did all the baby birds come out of their hiding places. The baby on the chip opened his eyes and ran to hide under her tail. all the other babies joined them.

 

C. Suggested answer (accept any logical answer):-

Mother partridge is loving, brave and clever. She takes good care of all her babies and saves them from the fox. She is not afraid to fly close to the fox and race with him. She manages to make a fool of him, not just once but quite a few times. 

GRAMMAR

A. 2. That

3. this 

4. Whom 

5. which 

6. Those

7. these 

8. What

B. 2. herself  

3. himself 

4. themselves

5. ourselves

6. yourselves

7. itself

C. 2. Who 

3. yourself/yourselves

4. That 

5. itself

6. Which

Vocabulary

A. 1. loose;lose

2. roll;role

3. wait;weight

4. threw;through

5. won;one

6. week;weak

B.1.  an argument 

2. advangage

3. a photo

4. lunch

5. a problem 

6. action 

Please click the following links of the previous chapters given below to get their notes:- 

Monkey Trouble Lesson 1

 Mina and the Dinosaurs Lesson-2

The Fly (poem ) 

 

 

TO BE CONTINUED.......

The Canterville Ghost

A. 

1. Lord Canterville, the former owner of Canterville Chase, and Mrs Umney the housekeeper, believe that the ghost exists.

2. Mr. Otis and his family-Mrs Otis, his son Washington, daughter Virginia and the twins do not believe in the ghost.

3.  It does not seem as though Mrs Umney really fainted. She might have very frightened and her mind might have gone blank. But she recovered too quickly for it to have been an actual fainting spell.

4. The twins decide to camp out in the library at night and wait for ghost. Clark would sleep by the door and Lewis would sleep on the desk so that he could jump on the ghost and trap him.

5. Mr Otis offers oil for the ghost's chains.

6. Ghost feels insulted because no one is frightened by his appearance. Mr. Otis offers him oil for his chains and the twins throw a pillow at him. This had never happened to him before. This angers the ghost and he swears revenge.  

B. 1. a. Mr. Otis offers the oil because he cannot sleep. The creaking of the chains disturbs him.

b. The oil would make the rings of the chain move smoothly and so Mr. Otis would not be disturbed by its clanking sound.

c. The chains were creaking because they were rusty and old. At the same time, the ghost made sure that they clanked more, so as to frighten the Otis family and announce his arrival. 

2. a The ghost was angry because he felt insulted. Mr. Otis offered him oil and the twins threw a pillow at him. People had always been frightened of him. It was an exceptional situation with the Otis family because they did not believe in ghosts.  

b. The ghost thinks that the Otis family is ignorant and unaware of the furore that he can create. He has always created chaos with his fearful appearances. The Otis family has seen none of that. 

c. The ghost was treated with fear and reverence by the Canterville family. No one in the Canterville mansion had ever dared mock his appearance or presence. 

C. 1. The Duchess of Bolton, Lord Canterville's grand-aunt, is terrified at the canterville Ghost's appearance. She is seen being lead to a chair by the butler and the housekeeper. They give her a drink of water. The duchess  narrates that she has felt the icy touch of bony hands on herself. At first she dismissed it as cold draught. But then she noticed a pair of skeleton hands.

2. The Otis family is not frightened by the bloodstains. Mrs. Otis wants it removed because it looks ugly. Washington takes out a small stick and rubs it over the stain. On the other hand, Mrs. Umney regards the blood satin with fear and speaks about it in a hushed tone. She tells the Otis family that it is the blood of Lady Eleanore de Canterville, who was murdered by her husband, Sir Simon de Canterville. Sir Canterille disappeared for nine years and his body was never found. 

3. The atmosphere is calm before the ghost arrives. The arrival of the ghost is heard along with the clanking sound of metals. The ghost casts a green light about him and fills the air with groans after he leaves. But after Mr Otis goes back to his room, the ghost is very angry. He plans to take revenge at the end. Till now, the ghost was only trying to make his presence felt and was trying to scare the newcomers but now, in his rage he plans to truly terrify them and disrupt their lives.

D. d. to contrast and make fun of British and American cultures.

E. 1. Showing interest in new traditions and customs.

2. Pointing out that they do not pronounce words in the same way you do, and laughting.

3. Showing little interest in understanding their country or customs.

4. Being respectful even if you do not fully understand what they are telling you.

Being friendly and introducing them to your own country and culture. 

GRAMMAR

A. 2-P 

3-P

4-C

5-C

6-C

B. 2 AVP

3. PP

4. AP

5. AVP

6. PP

C. 1. My aunt and uncle have a beautiful garden. noun phrase

2. I could not go out with my friends because I was with my mother. adverb phrase

3. The lady in the green sari is my aunt. adjective phrase

4. She sings like a bird. adverb phrase

5. I found my shoes under the bed. prepositional phrase

Please click the title of the previous chapters to get the notes written below in blue:

 Walk to Remember Lession-1 

Little Girls are Wiser Lession 2 

 

The Great Indian Desert

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The only river in the Thar Desert is the Luni.

2. The sand dunes change the shape and location due to sand storms.

3. The camel is used often for transportation in the desert.

4. Teej and Gangaur are the two main festivals of the desert region.

B. Tick the correct answer. 

1. Teh Rann of Kachch is a ....... which lies to the south of the Thar desert.

and. Salt Marsh

2. ------------- is the biggest wool centre in our country.

ans. Bikaner

3. The hump of the camel is a store house of 

ans fat

C. Write T for True  and F for False.

1. The days are very hot and nights are cool in the deserts. T.

2. The legs of the camel help it walk with ease in a desert. T

3. Rajasthan has largest number of goats in India. F

4. The people of Rajasthan love colourful clothes  and heavy jewellery. T 

D Answer the following.

1. What is a desert? Why are the desert regions unsuitable for agriculture?

Ans. A desert is a vast stretch of land full of sand. Desert regions are shortage of water and lack of fertile soil. So, therefore it is unsuitable for agriculture.

2. Why is the camel called "The Ship of the Desert?

Ans. Because of the following regions the camel is called "The Ship of Desert"

(i) It can go for long without drinking water.

(ii)It can go many days without food. 

3. What is an oasis?

ans. The greenery area around the spring in the desert is called oasis.

4. What are the main occupations of the people of Rajasthan?

Ans. Smithy and weaving are the main occupation of the people of Rajasthan.

 

You may like to know the following chapters given below in blue......... 

Globes and Maps Chapter 1 

 Our country-India Chapter-2

 The Northern Mountains Chapter-3

The Northern Plains Chapter-4

The Coastal Plains and The Islands Class IV  

Sorting Materials into groups

 Exercises.

More chapters here...

Getting to Know Plants 

Components of Food 

Light, Shadows and Reflections 

Separation of Substances 

Fibre to Fabric

Body Movements 

 

 

Given below is the notes of Chapters "Sorting Materials".

Fill in blanks.

1. Grouping of substances on the basis of their properties is called classification.

2. Metals like gold and copper have lustre.

3. Metal Sheet is an opaque object while glass is a transparent object.

4. Insoluble substances does not dissolve in water.

5. Liquids that dissolve in water are said to be miscible 

6. Transparent materials allow the light to pass through them.

B. Multiple Choice questions.

1. Which of this flats on water?

ans. rubber ball

2. A material through which light cannot pass at all is 

ans. Opaque

3. Butter paper is 

ans. translucent

4. Which of the following is insoluble in water?

ans. oil

5. Which property does a jeweller consider hile choosing metal for jewellery?

ans. lustre.

C. Very short answer questions (one word)

1. Name one translucent material.

ans. oiled paper.

2. cotton is soft material. 

ans. True

3. Name one solid soluble in water. 

ans. Salt

4. Name one liquid soluble in water 

 ans. methanol

 5. Name one gas soluble in water.

ans. oxygen.

6. Name one rough material

ans. plywood

7.Name one non-lustrous object

ans. wood

8. Property of an object to float or sink.

ans. Balanced weight force.

D. Short answer questions.

a. Make a list of four materials. Name one thing that is made from each of these.  

ans. List of four materials.

Wood- Chair

Plastic- bucket

Metal- Pen

Stainless Steel- Knife.

2. How are soft materials different from hard materials? Give two examples of each.

ans. Soft materials which can be compressed or scratched easily while hard materials cannot be compressed easily. cotton, silk are true example of soft materials while iron, glass are example of hard materials.

3. What are miscible and immiscible liquids? Give two examples of each.

ans. Miscible: Liquids that are soluble in water are said to be miscible in water. Glycerine and ethanol are the examples of miscible liquids

Immiscible: Liquids that are not soluble in water are said to be immiscible in water. For example oil and water.

3. What is importance of classification of materials?

ans. Classification of materials are important for the following reasons:

(i) Classification of materials makes it convenient to study their properties. 

(ii) It makes it convenient to locate objects.

5. Define: 

(a) Properties of a substance: 

ans. Special features of substance or material that distinguish it from other substances. The features include appearance,  lustre, hardness, rough or smooth, soluble or insoluble, transparency, gases in water etc. 

(b) Classification:

ans. grouping of substances or materials on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities between different materials. 

(c) Lustre

It is the shine of materials. Usually metals like gold, silver, copper and aluminium are lustrous. 

(d) Floatation

Properties of a substance to float or sink in water. It is called floatation.

E. Long answer questions. 

1. Difference between transparent, translucent and opaque materials

ans. Transparent Materials:

Substances through which light can pass or through which things can be seen are called transparent materials. For example glass

Translucent Materials:

Substances through which light can pass but only partially and things are not seen clearly through them. They are called translucent materials. Oiled paper and frosted glass. 

Opaque Materials:

Substances through which light cannot pass or through which things cannot be seen.  For example metal sheet card board.

2. What happened when common salt, sugar, cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water? Write it in the form of an activity with proper observations and conclusion. 

ans. Salt, sugar, cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water

If the substances like salt, sugar water and cooking oil and kerosene oil are added to water the following things can be seen

Salt, sugar:- They get dissolved in water. Thus we conclude that they are soluble 

Cooking oil and Kerosene: They don't get dissolved in water. Even if we stir them hard in water, they break up with small droplets. This means they are immiscible in water.

 The Next Chapter.

The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 

 

 

Hanuman and I

 

Grammar

A. Countabel nouns: children, people, a difference, probelms, role, character, choice, gym, muscles, adults, planet

Uncountable noun: Theatre, empathy, feelings, compassion, practice, future,

B. 

2. Nobody

3. anything

4. Everyone 

5. nothing

6. someone

C.

1. Nobody in my family likes cold food for dinner.

2. Somebody should sweep the classroom. They should also wipe the blackboard clean.

3. If anyone has a problem with the computers, tey should report it to the teacher.

4. Somebody should be able to lend you their calulator.

5. Everybody was tried after the picnic.

Vocablary

A.

2 mumbles

3. shining

4. sob

5. startled 

6. mistakes

B.

2. I was overjoyed when I heard that the test had been postponed.

3. "I can do it", said Tariq nervously.

4. my cat Flufffy's newborn kitten is so large.

5. "Who are you?" he asked in a quiet voice.

 

Northern Plains

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The Northern Plains stretch from Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.

Northern Mountain

2. The rivers Ganga, Satluj and Brahamputra flow through the Northern Plains.

3. The silt brought down by the rivers make the Northern Plains Rich and Fertile.

4. The Gandhi Canal provides water for irrigation in many parts of Rajasthan.

5. The Brahmaputra originates in Tibet where it is called Tsangpo.

B. Tick the right answer

1. Bhakra Nangal Dam lies in the

ans. Satluj

2. The ______ is the largest river of India and sacred to the Hindus.

ans. Ganga

3. Most of the people of the Northern Plains are

ans. Farmers

4. The Northern Plains lie in the _________ of the Himalayas.

ans. South

5. Delhi and Agra are situated on the banks of the river

ans. Yamuna

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1. Northern Plains are hilly lands.     F.

2. The rivers in the Northern Plains originate in the Himalayas. T

3. The delta formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra is the largest in the world.  T

4. The climate of the Northern Plains is mostly hot in summer and cold in winter . T

5. The Yamuna river flow between the Ganga Basin and the Brahmaputra Basin  F.

D. Answer the following questions.

1. Where are the Northern Plains situated?

ans. The Northern Plains lies in the south of the Himalaya. They stretch from Punjab in the west, to Assam in the east.

2. Which are the states that lie in the Northern Plains?

ans. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Parts of Assam are the states that lie in the Northern Plains.

3. How are the Northern Plains formed?

ans. The Northern Plains are formed by the deposition of fine sand and soil brought by the rivers from the Himalaya.

4. Why are the Northern Plains called the "Food Bowl of India"?

ans. The Plains is very fertile and variety of crops grows here. That's why it is called the "Food Bowl of India".

5. Name the important cities situated in the Ganga Basin.

ans. Rishikesh, Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Ayodhya, Varanasi, Patna and Kolkata are the important cities situated in the Ganga Basin. 

Please click the link below in blue line to get the notes of English and Social Studies. 

English Lesson 1 Barber and.....

 

English Lession 2 The mother who loved the poor 

 

Social Studies Lesson 1 Globes and Maps 

 

Social Studies Lession 2 Our Country India 

 

Social Studies Lesson 3 The Northern....

 

Social Studies Lession 5 The Great Indian Desert 

Fibre to Fabric

 Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Fibres are classified as natural and synthetic.

2. Fibres obtained from animals are called animal fibres.

3. Nylon and polyester are  synthetic fibres

4. To make fabrics, fibres are first converted to yarn.

5. The process of drawing yarn from fibres is called spinning. 

6. In knitting , single yarn used to make a fabric.

 B. Multiple choice questions

1. Jute is a/an

ans. plant fibre 

2. Yarns are made of 

ans. Fibres

3. Cotton grows best in 

ans. black soil 

4. Which of these is not a fibre

ans. leather

5. Weaving is done on special machines called

ans. looms

C. Very short answer questions. (ONE WORD)

1. Name of plant fibre. Jute

2. Name of one animal fibre. Wool

3. Name one synthetic fibre. Nylon 

4. Process of rotting stems of jute plants. Retting 

5. Plant from which linen is obtained. Flax plant

6. Stronger fibre are natural or synthetic. Synthetic

7. From which part of the plant cotton is obtained. Fruit Part   

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define

(a) Ginning:-

The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning.  After ginning, bales of cotton are made.

(b)Retting:-

The process of separating jute fibres by rotting the stem of jute plants is called retting. In the process, the stem are tied into bundles and immersed in water for a few days. The stems begin to rot.

(c)Spinning:-

The process of making yarn(thread) from the fibres by twisting is called spinning.  It is one of the most ancient art. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted.

(d) Weaving

The process of making cloth by crossing two sets of threads over and under each other. This is known as weaving. Weavers may use threads (yarn) spun from natural fibres but artificial fibres are also popular. There are three basic kinds of weave -plain weave, the twill weave and the satin weave. It is done on a machine called looms.  

 

2. Define fibres. Name different types of natural fibres used to make cloth.

ans. Fibre is a hair-like strand of a substance that is spun into yarn. Cotton, flax,jute silk and wool are natural fibres mostly used in clothing.

3. Differentiate between fibre and yarn. 

ans.Fibre is a hair-like strand of a substance that is spun into yarn. 

Yarn is a combination of several fibres twisted together to knit or weave a fibric.

 

4. What are synthetic fibres? Give two examples.

ans. Synthetic fibres  are made by man from chemicals. Nylon, rayon are the two example of fibres.

5. Write properties of silk fibres.

ans. Silk is one of the most strongest fibres. It loses up its strength by 20% when it is wet. It has a smooth, soft texture which is slippery unlike many synthetic fibres.

6. How do woollen clothes keep us warm in winter.

and. The woollen clothes  does not allow the heat to escape, and prevent air to pass in. That's how woollen clothes keep us warm in winter.

 

E. Long answer questions.

1. Explain how cotton fibres are obtained form cotton plant.

ans.  After harvesting by handpicking , cotton are removed from seed. The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning.  After ginning, bales of cotton are made. Next process is called spinning. The process of making yarn(thread) from the fibres by twisting is called spinning.

 2. Write short notes on the uses of jute and flax.

ans. Jute: It is one of the cheapest natural fibre. Jute is mainly used to make clothes for wrapping bales of raw cotton and to make sacks and coarse cloth. It is also used in curtains, chair covering etc.In India it is grown in West Bengal and Assam. 

Flax:-Flax is mainly grown for seeds. It can be ground into a meal and turned into linseed oil. It is used as nutritional supplement and as an ingredients of wood finishing products. Flax fibre are grown to make linen. 

3. How are fibres classified? Explain their characteristics. 

ans. Fibres are classified into two categories.Natural and Synthetic ( Man Made)

Characteristics of Natural Fibres:

• They are soft and delicate.

• They are long and flexible 

• They can easily be made thread.

Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres

• They are stronger than natural fibres.

• They are manufactured from chemicals. 

• They are durable 

• They are dried up in less time. 

4. Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.

ans. Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres. They obtained by a process called spinning. In this process, fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. 

5. How is weaving different from knitting?

ans. Weaving is the process of making cloth by crossing two sets of threads over and under each other while knitting is a method of making fabric by looping yarn around each other using two or more knitting needles or knitting machine.

6. How is jute fibre made from jute plants?

ans. The stems of the jute plant tied into bundles and immersed in water for a few days. The stems begin to rot. This process is called retting. The fibres are then separated and washed in clear running water. Then they are hung up or spread on thatched roofs to dry.

 

Please share the links to as many students as you can.  

For the notes of the previous chapter of science, click the links given below

Sorting Materials into Groups, Science Class VI. 

Separation of Substances Science Class VI 

 

Separation of Substances

Fill in blanks

1. Mixture contains two or more substances mixed physically.

2. Salt is obtained from seawater by the process called evaporation.

3. The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called threshing.

4. The sand from muddy water is separated by sieving.

5. The insoluble solid left on the filter paper is called residue.

B. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following is a mixture?

ans. Gold.

2. A bowl of dal mixed with wheat flour can be separated by

ans. sieving

3. A mixture of coconut oil and water can be separated by

ans. separating funnel

4. The property used in separating a mixture of two solids by winnowing is

ans. Difference in weight

5. The process of settling down of particles of a solid in a liquid is

ans. sedimentation

C. Very short answer questions. (ONE WORD)

1. Most substances around us are mixtures. TRUE.

2. Method used to separate wheat grains from chaff. Winnowing

3. Name the paper used in filtration Filter Paper.

4. Name the apparatus used to separate two immiscible liquids Separating Funnel

5. Solubility of substances in water increases with temperature. TRUE

D. Short answer questions.

1. Define:

a. sedimentation b. decantation c. filtration d. sieving

ans.

a. Sedimentation:-

The process of settling down of insoluble heavy particles in a solid-liquid mixture is called sedimentation.

b. Decantation:-

The process of pouring out the clear liquid without disturbing the sediments is called decantation.

c. Filtration:-

The process of separating insoluble solid component from a liquid using a filter paper is known as filtration.

d. Sieving:-

The process of separating components of different size from the mixture is known as sieving.

2. How would you separate peanuts from beans and why?

ans. Peanuts from beans can be separated by handpicking. Peanuts are small in pieces sometimes round or elongated in shape while beans are kidney shaped in structure slightly lighter than peanuts.

3. What is the principle used in the separation of components of mixtures?

ans. There are two main principles used in the separation of components of mixtures

(i) Separating solids from other solids:- Handpicking, threshing,winnowing, sieving come under this category.

(ii) Separating insoluble solids from liquid:- sedimentation, decantation,filtration, evaporation come under this category.

4. In what condition, sieving is used to separate components of a mixture?

ans. This method is used when the mixture contains components of different sizes.

5. What is saturated solution? How is it obtained?

ans. A solution which cannot dissolve any more of a substance at a particular temperature. This called saturated solution.

E. Long answer questions.

1. List some properties of mixture.

ans. Some properties of mixture are as under

(i) The components of mixture each keep their original properties.

(ii) The separation of components can easily be done.

(iii)The proportion of components is variable

2. Why is separation of mixtures necessary?

ans. Separation of mixture is necessary to get pure substances and the pure substances have

• Definite composition by nature.

• Definite physical properties such as melting point, boiling point and density.

• Homogeneous nature, e.g. elements like gold, silver, hydrogen and oxygen; compounds like copper sulfate or blue vitriol, water and sugar.

Most of the material found in nature are mixtures. Mixtures contain more than one substance which are mixed physically. In order to se the substances that we need,we have to separate the constituents of such mixtures.

3. Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water can be separated?

(NOTE:-Make a diagram of separating funnel here)

ans. A mixture of oil and water can be separated with the help of separating funnel. Here are the procedure how you can do that.

Oil and water form two different lyres in the separating funnel as they are immisible liquids. Let it stand undisturbed for sometime. So that the separate layers of water and oil are formed. Now open the stopcock of the funnel and pour out of the lower layer of water carefully. In this way, water and oil can be separated using separating funnel. 

4. What is difference between sediment and residue?

ans. The settling down of insoluble heavy solid components in a solid-liquid mixture is called sedimentation. and the solid particles that settle down during sedimentation are called sediments.

and the in soluble solid left on the filter is called residue.

5. How is winnowing done?

ans. Winnowing is the method of separating heavier and lighter components of a mixture b wind or by blowing air. In the method the mixture of chaff and grains is allowed to fall from a height. Grain being heaver, fall vertically down while chaff gets blown away and form a heap at a small distance away from the grains.

6. Explain with the help of a diagram, how will you separate a mixture of chalk powder and water using a filter paper.

ans.

• Take some water that is mixed with chalk water.
• Take a circular piece of filter paper and fold it twice as shown in the figure.
  

  

  Filtration of chalk mixed water

• Open the filter paper in such a way that one fold is on one side and other three folds on the other side. This forms a cone.
• Take a clean funnel and fit the folded filter paper cone in the funnel
• Keep a beaker below the funnel. 
• Pour the chalk-powder mixed water slowly on the filter paper.
• Collect the filtrate in the beaker and observe.

You will find the chalk particles left behind on the filter paper and a clear filtrate in the beaker. Chalk particle form the residue.

For notes of other chapters (class VI), click on the heading of the chapters given below: Forward the links to as many students as you can..

Light, Shadows and Reflections

 

Sorting materials into groups 

Components of Food